A Minireview on the Regeneration of NCM Cathode Material Directly from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Cathode Chemistries

Research on the regeneration of cathode materials spent lithium-ion batteries for resource reclamation and environmental protection is attracting more attention today. However, majority studies recycling (LIBs) placed emphasis only recovering target metals, such as Co, Ni, Li, from materials, or how to recycle LIBs by conventional means. Effective strategies (e.g., pyrometallurgical technologies, hydrometallurgy techniques, biological strategies) have been used in research LIBs. Nevertheless, none existing reviews regenerating waste elucidated regenerate lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM LiNixCoyMnzO2) directly containing other than NCM cathodes but, at same time, frequently commercial LiCoO2 (LCO), LiFePO4 (LFP), LiMn2O4 (LMO), etc. mixed materials. This review showcases techniques LiNixCoyMnzO2 active some commonly different types mixed-cathode The article summarizes various technologies processes individual scraps without their preliminary separation. In meantime, economic benefits diverse synthetic routes reported literature are analyzed systematically. minireview can lay guidance a theoretical basis restoring